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Expandable graphite is a synthesized intercalation compound of graphite that expands or exfoliates when heated. Once heated, it results an increase in the volume of up to 400 times, a lowering of bulk density, and approximately a 10-fold increase in surface area. Then it's compressed into a highly cohesive flexible sheet.
Another principal application is as a flame retardant. As a result of the heat of a fire the graphite expands and creates an intumescent layer on the surface of the material. This retards the spread of fire and minimizes one of the most harmful effects of combustion: the creation of toxic gases and fumes.
Benefits of expandable graphite as flame retardant:
